📒 Accounts Payable (AP) – Interview Q&A Notes
1. What is Accounts Payable?
👉 Accounts Payable means the money a company owes to its suppliers/vendors for goods or services received but not yet paid.
(It is a liability in balance sheet.)
2. What is the main role of AP department?
👉 To manage company payments – ensuring invoices are correct, recorded properly, and paid on time.
3. What is an Invoice?
👉 An invoice is a bill from supplier/vendor showing details of products/services, quantity, price, and payment terms.
4. Types of Invoices?
• Standard Invoice – Normal purchase.
• Credit Memo – Vendor gives credit/return.
• Debit Memo – Company charges vendor.
• Proforma Invoice – Estimate before supply.
5. What is Procure-to-Pay (P2P)?
👉 It is the complete cycle from purchasing goods/services (procure) to making vendor payment (pay).
6. What is 3-Way Matching?
👉 It is matching:
1. PO (Purchase Order)
2. GRN (Goods Receipt Note)
3. Invoice
✔ To ensure quantity, price, and terms match before payment.
7. What is 2-Way Matching?
👉 Matching PO and Invoice only. (Used when goods receipt not required.)
8. What is a Debit Note?
👉 A note sent to vendor when company returns goods or claims less charge.
9. What is a Credit Note?
👉 A note received from vendor when they accept return or give discount.
10. What is a GRN (Goods Receipt Note)?
👉 Document confirming goods are received in correct quantity & quality.
11. What is a Purchase Order (PO)?
👉 A document issued by buyer to vendor listing items, quantity, and agreed price.
12. What is Non-PO Invoice?
👉 Invoice without PO. Example – rent, utilities, legal services.
13. What is Vendor Reconciliation?
👉 Comparing vendor statement with company books to ensure all invoices & payments are correctly recorded.
14. What is Accrual in AP?
👉 Recording expense even if invoice is not received yet. (For matching cost to period.)
15. What is Prepaid Expense?
👉 Expense paid in advance (like insurance, rent) recorded as asset first.
16. What is Difference between Accounts Payable & Accounts Receivable?
• AP: Money company has to pay (liability).
• AR: Money company has to receive (asset).
17. What is Withholding Tax (TDS)?
👉 Tax deducted from vendor payment before paying them, as per government rules.
18. What is Payment Term?
👉 Agreed condition when vendor should be paid. Example – Net 30 (pay within 30 days).
19. What is Aging Report?
👉 Report showing pending invoices grouped by days (0-30, 31-60, 61-90). Helps track overdue payments.
20. How to handle duplicate invoices?
👉 By using invoice number check, vendor code check, and system alerts to block duplicates.
21. What are Common AP KPIs?
• Average payment cycle
• Number of invoices processed per employee
• % of early payment discounts taken
• % of duplicate payments
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